Dietary patterns and primary liver cancer in Chinese adults: a case-control study.

Introduction
Healthy dietary patterns may prevent many chronic diseases, and is emphasized by 2015 US dietary guideline, but it remains unclear which dietary patterns may be benefit to prevention of primary liver cancer (PLC).

Materials and Methods
We recruited 782 PLC cases and 1:1 age- and sex-matched controls in Guangzhou, China. Habitual dietary intake was assessed by face-to-face interview using a 79-item food frequency questionnaire, and used to explore dietary patterns by factor analysis.

Results
Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) an urban prudent dietary pattern (UPDP) characterized by high in dairy products, eggs, mushrooms, nuts and soy foods, but low in refined grains; 2) a traditional Cantonese dietary pattern (TCDP) consisting of a high intake of fruit and vegetables, fish, Cantonese soup, and Chinese herb tea; and 3) a high meat and preserved food pattern (MPFP). Multivariable analyses showed favorable associations for the first two dietary patterns, but unfavorable association for the last one (all

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the UPDP and TCDP were associated with lower, whereas the MPFP with higher, risk of PLC.