Preterm birth, infant weight gain, and childhood asthma risk: a meta-analysis of 147,000 European children.

Auteur(s) :
Barros H., Sunyer J., Basterrechea M., Vrijheid M., Correia S., Roberts G., Inskip HM., Keil T., Corpeleijn E., Kelleher CC., Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM., Arends LR., de Jongste JC., Annesi-Maesano I., Arshad SH., Bisgaard H., Chatzi L., Craig LC., Devereux G., Dogaru C., Dostal M., Duchen K., Eggesbo M., van der Ent CK., Fantini MP., Forastiere F., Frey U., Gehring U., Gori D., van der Gugten AC., Hanke W., Henderson AJ., Heude B., Iniguez C., Kogevinas M., Kreiner-Moller E., Kuehni CE., Küpers LK., Lancz K., Larsen PS., Lau S., Ludvigsson J., Mommers M., Nybo Andersen AM., Palkovicova L., Pike KC., Pizzi C., Polanska K., Porta D., Richiardi L., Schmidt A., Sram RJ., Thijs C., Torrent M., Viljoen K., Wijga AH., Jaddoe VW., Duijts L.
Date :
Mai, 2014
Source(s) :
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. #133:5 p1317-1329
Adresse :
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

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BACKGROUND
Preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant catch-up growth seem associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases in later life, but individual studies showed conflicting results.

OBJECTIVES
We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis for 147,252 children of 31 birth cohort studies to determine the associations of birth and infant growth characteristics with the risks of preschool wheezing (1-4 years) and school-age asthma (5-10 years).

METHODS
First, we performed an adjusted 1-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the combined associations of gestational age, birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Second, we performed an adjusted 2-stage random-effect meta-analysis to assess the associations of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) with childhood asthma outcomes.

RESULTS
Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were independently associated with higher risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma (P < .05). The inverse associations of birth weight with childhood asthma were explained by gestational age at birth. Compared with term-born children with normal infant weight gain, we observed the highest risks of school-age asthma in children born preterm with high infant weight gain (odds ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% CI, 2.58-7.76). Preterm birth was positively associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pooled odds ratio [pOR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67) independent of birth weight. Weaker effect estimates were observed for the associations of low birth weight adjusted for gestational age at birth with preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27).

CONCLUSION
Younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations of lower birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth.

Source : Pubmed
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