Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: MCC-Spain study.

Auteur(s) :
Amiano P., Tardon A., Kogevinas M., Gracia-Lavedan E., Boldo E., Aragonés N., Pérez-Gómez B., Pollán M., Martinez-Vizcaino V., Altzibar JM., Castaño-Vinyals G., Moreno V., Castelló A., Lope V., Gómez-Acebo I., Alguacil J., Dierssen-Sotos T., Guevara M., Puig-Vives M., Llorens-Ivorra C., Castilla J., Dávila-Batista V.
Date :
Sep, 2017
Source(s) :
Maturitas. #103: p8-15
Adresse :
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: [email protected].

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OBJECTIVE
To externally validate the previously identified effect on breast cancer risk of the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns.

STUDY DESIGN
MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study that collected epidemiological information on 1181 incident cases of female breast cancer and 1682 healthy controls from 10 Spanish provinces. Three dietary patterns derived in another Spanish case-control study were analysed in the MCC-Spain study. These patterns were termed Western (high intakes of fatty and sugary products and red and processed meat), Prudent (high intakes of low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fruits, whole grains and juices) and Mediterranean (high intake of fish, vegetables, legumes, boiled potatoes, fruits, olives, and vegetable oil, and a low intake of juices). Their association with breast cancer was assessed using logistic regression models with random province-specific intercepts considering an interaction with menopausal status. Risk according to tumour subtypes – based on oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors (ER+/PR+ & HER2-; HER2+; ER-/PR- & HER2-) – was evaluated with multinomial regression models.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Breast cancer and histological subtype.

RESULTS
Our results confirm most of the associations found in the previous case-control study. A high adherence to the Western dietary pattern seems to increase breast cancer risk in both premenopausal women (OR4(th)vs.1(st)quartile (95% CI):1.68 (1.02;2.79); OR1SD-increase (95% CI):1.19 (1.02;1.40)) and postmenopausal women (OR4(th)vs.1(st)quartile(95% CI):1.48(1.07;2.05); OR1SD-increase(95% CI): 1.14 (1.01;1.29)). While high adherence to the Prudent pattern did not show any effect on breast cancer, the Mediterranean dietary pattern seemed to be protective, but only among postmenopausal women (OR4(th)vs.1(st)quartile (95% CI): 0.72 (95% CI 0.53;0.98); p-int=0.075). There were no significant differences by tumour subtype.

CONCLUSION
Dietary recommendations based on a departure from the Western dietary pattern in favour of the Mediterranean diet could reduce breast cancer risk in the general population.

Source : Pubmed
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