Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary non-nutritive compounds

Title: Author(s): Tanaka T, Miyamoto S, Suzuki R, Yasui Y
Source: CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRACEUTICAL RESEARCH 4 (2): 127-151 MAY 2006
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Abstract: Dietary habit is instrumental in about 40-60% of human colon cancer. Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer, including colonic malignancy. Fruits and vegetables contain many non-nutritive as well as nutritive compounds, such as carotenoids, dithiolthiones, flavonoids, glucosinolates, indoles, isothiocyanates, monoterpenes, phenols, sterols, sulthydryls, and vitamins (including vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate). There may be other unknown non-nutritive constituents in foods that can reduce cancer development. Animal studies in experimental chemical carcinogenesis have indicated that several non-nutritive components, belonging to different chemical groups, in foods protect against certain types of cancer including colonic neoplasm. These chemicals are known as ‘chemopreventive agents’ Many of them are anti-oxidants and might suppress carcinogenesis through (I) inhibiting phase I enzymes or blocking carcinogen formation, (ii) induction of phase II (detoxification) enzymes, (iii) scavenging DNA reactive agents, (iv) modulation in hormone homeostasis, (v) suppression of hyper-cell proliferation induced by carcinogen, (vi) induction of apoptosis, (vii) depression in tumor angiogenesis, and/or (viii) inhibition Of certain phenotypic expression of neoplastic cells. With increasing the incidence of colon cancer rising certainly, there is an ever-increasing need to determine the most effective arms to prevent colon cancer and to understand the mechanism(s) underlying successfiul prevention. There are critical interrelationships between diet, environment, and genetics that can affect cancer risk. Again, fruits, vegetables, teas, spices, and herbs consumed in the diet have ability of reducing cancer occurrence in pre-clinical animal carcinogenesis models. Although epidemiologic studies show similar associations, there are very few intervention of studies to date. This article will introduce our recent studies in search for the effective chemopreventive effects of several naturally occurring non-nutritive products in edible plants on rat colon carcinogenesis.
Author Keywords: chernoprevention; colon carcinogenesis; diet; non-nutritive compounds; rats
KeyWords Plus: ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; MALE F344 RATS; PUTATIVE PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS; CONJUGATED LINOLENIC ACID; AZOXYMETHANE-INDUCED FOCI; CATENIN GENE-MUTATIONS; MUCIN-DEPLETED FOCI; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING XANTHOPHYLLS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE INHIBITOR
Addresses: Tanaka T (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293 Japan
Kanazawa Med Univ, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293 Japan
Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Food Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

E-mail Addresses: [email protected]

Publisher: NEW CENTURY HEALTH PUBLISHERS, LLC, PO BOX 50702, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70150-0702 USA, http://newcenturypublishers.com
Discipline: FOOD SCIENCE/NUTRITION

CC Editions/Collections: Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences (ABES)