Trends and correlates of frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, 2007 to 2014.

BACKGROUND
Eating fruit and vegetables is recommended as part of a healthy diet. This study describes trends in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in Canada, the contribution of fruit juice to these trends, and correlates of the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption.

DATA AND METHODS
The data are from the annual Canadian Community Health Survey for the 2007-to-2014 period and pertain to the household population aged 12 or older. Weighted frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to estimate the average frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption by socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index, age-standardized to the 2014 Canadian population. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine correlates of frequency of fruit and vegetable intake in 2014.

RESULTS
In 2014, Canadians reported consuming fruit and vegetables an average of 4.7 times a day, a slight, but significant, decrease from 5.0 times a day in 2007. The decrease over time was no longer significant when fruit juice was excluded (dropping to an average of 4.1 times a day in both years). Canadians drank less juice in 2014 than in 2007, a decline that was apparent across all age, sex and household income quintiles, all regions, and all weight categories. In 2014, Canadians who reported consuming fruit and vegetables 5 or more times a day tended to be female, in younger age groups, in the highest household income quintile, and neither overweight nor obese.

DISCUSSION
Between 2007 and 2014, Canadians' reported frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was consistently low. Correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption can be used to target nutrition policy and education efforts to improve intake.